Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

Sculptuгe in Stone

215

only one. So hc cut Ьis pгccious Ыосk into slices: madc slabs апd sliallow sшfaces of it, and tЬese hc Iaid, as an out,vard adorшnent to his building, uрон а sнbstгucturc of b1·ick or гuЬЫе. It is easy to perceive, thcn, thc diffeгcпcc of thc ргоЫеm of the sculptors of the North авd tЬе South. The plain, solid Northern building ,vas сараЫе of uпlimited enrichment Ьу cai·ving; this carving, �·hen deeply cut, with forciЬle pгojection, acted as а nоЫе embellishment iп wЬicl1 the pгincipal featшe ,vas а varied play of light and shade; the stoпe Ьaviнg little сЬаrш of соlош- ог textшe in itself, depeпded fo1· its bcauty eпtiгely upo11 its bold гelief, its гouпded statuary, ancl its well sl1aped chiselled шnaшent. The sЬallo,v sш­ face, alгeady beautiful, ЬоtЬ in соlош and textuгe, in the Southeгв bпilding matcгial, called only fог eвricЬшent iп low relicf: оmашевt only sliglitly гaised fгош tЬе lcYel ог simply perforatiнg the thiп slab of glowiпg stone 011 which it ,vas used ,vas tЬе шоге usual choice of thc Italian craftsman. This statemeвt applies, of couгse, only to geпeral principles of tЬе art of sculptшe; tЬеге is sоше flat bas- 1·elief in the North, апd some гounded scнlpturc in tЬе Soнth: but as а rule tЬе tendencies аге as they have just been outlined. Anotheг difference betweeп sculptшe in tЬе NortЬ and South is due to tЬе fact that iп Italy the work was iпdividual, as а rнle, and in Fгance it ,Yas the Iabour of а Guild 01· company. In Italy it is нsually kno,vn who