Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

Illuшinatioп of Books

341

is difficu]t to date а Byzantine picture 01· шanuscript, for the sаше sevcгc hal'd fol'ш that prevailecl in the days of Constantinc is caпied on to-day Ьу tl1e шопks of Mt. Athos, and а Byzantiпc ,Уогk of thc ni11th ceпtury is not casily distiпguishcd fгош one of tl1e fifteeпth. Iп manuscripts, the caligгapЬy is often the only featuгc Ьу which thc ,voгk сап Ьс clated. In tl1e earlie1· Byzantiпe шaпнsc1·ipts tЬсге is а ]агgс1· proportion of Classical influeпce tЬап i11 lat,eг опсs, ,vЬen tl1e art Ьаd takcn on its infexiЫc ш1ifonnity of design. One of thc шost iпte1·esting books i11 ,vhicl1 this classical inflнence шау Ье sееп is in thc Impeгial Libraгy at Vienпa, bciпg а ,voгk оп Воtапу, Ьу Dios­ coгides, written about 400 А. D. The шiпiatшcs in tl1is шanuscript have шаnу of the clшпictcгistics of Roman ,vork. Tl1e pigments нscd iп Byzantiпeшanнscгipts aгeglossy, а gгcat deal of ultramaгine beiпg used. Tl1e Ьigh ligl1ts are usually of gold, applicd in sharp glitte1·i11g liпes, and lighting нр the pictшe ,vitl1 vегу clecoгative effect. In Iarge wal1 шosaics tl1e same cliaгacteгistics шау Ьс noted, and it is often suggestecl tЬat these go]d lines may have origiпated iп an atteшpt to iшitate eloisonпe ename1" in ,vhich the finc gold liпe separates the diffeгeпt coloure'd spaces one fгom апоtЬег. This theo1·y is quite p]ausible, as cloisonne ,vas made Ьу tЬе Byzantinc goldsmiths. М. Lecoy de ]а :Магсhе tel1s us tlшt the first recorded name of an illuminatoг is that of а woman - La]a de