Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

Illumiпation of Books

339

апd monks of Sithiu, for п'iaking ...of tl1e skins of tlю deer tЬсу killed ...covcгs for tl1cir books." Tl1crc is no douЬt that it Ьаd оссштсd to ai·tists to cxpcriment upon Ьuшав skin, and pei·haps tЬе fact that tЬis vvas an нпsatisfactOl'y textшc is the chief reason wЬу no books ,vcre made of it. А Fl'cncЬ сошmепtаtог obsei·vcs: "Thc skin of а man is notЬiпg compai·ed \vitl1 thc skin of а shcep.... Shcep is good fог ,vriting on botl1 sides, but thc skin of а dead mап is just about as pl'OfitaЫc as Ьis Ьопсs, bette1· bury Ьiш, skin апd Ьопсs to­ gether.'' Тhеге ,vas some difficнlty in oЬtaining manusci·ipts to сору. Thc B1·eviary \vas нsнally cnclosed iп а cagc; гicl1 pal'ishioncrs ,ve1·e bribcd Ьу тапу шasses анd prayeгs, to bcqueatl1 maщ1sc1·ipts to chшchcs. Iв old Paгis, tЬе Pai·cl11ne11t Makcгs wсге а guild of much irn­ p01·tancc. Oftcn tЬеу combiпcd tЬci1· t1·ade \Yitl1 taveш keeping, in the twelftl1 апd thi1·tccntl1 ceвtшies. ТЬе Rector of tЬе Uпiveгsity \Yas _glad ,vЬен tЬis occurred, for thc inn keeper and рагсhшепt шаkег \Yas under Ьis contгol, ЬоtЬ beiвg obliged to гesicle iв the Pays Latin. Вishops ,vere kno,vп to exl10l't tЬе рагсЬшенt шаkещ from the pнlpit, to Ье l10нest and coвscie11tious in p1·e­ pai·iпg skins. А Ьookselle,·, too, \Yas soleпшly malk to s,vear " faithfully to rcceive, takc cai·e of, апd ex­ pose for sale tl1c ,voгks ,vliicl1 slюuld Ье eпt1·usted to him." Не might поt buy tЬem fo1· Ьimself нntil tl1cy lшd been fo1· salc а full шопth " at tl1e disposition of tl1e l\fasteгs and Sclюlaгs." But iп гeturп fог these