Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

Sculpture in Stone

225

patronized this indнstry and helped to develop it. Of craftsmen in these t,vo branches exc]нsive of master bнiideгs, and recogпized a1·tist.s, there were, in 1299, about а hundгed and forty-six mcmbers of the Gui]d. Italy ,Yas backwaгd fог а good whi]e iп the progress of агt, fol' while gгeat activities ,vеге goiпg on in the Noгth, the Doge of Venice in 976 was oЫiged to import a1·tists from Constantinople to decorate St. Mai·k's chuгch. ТЬс toшbs of this еагlу peгiod in Italy, as elscwhe1·e, аге significant and beautiful. RесшнЬепt figures, ,vitl1 tЬcir ]шпds devoutly pгessed together, а1·е нsнalJy sееп, lying soшetimes оп сонсЬеs and sometimcs undeг агсЬitссtша] canopies. The first, gгeat, oгiginal Italian sсн]рtог of the Rcnais­ saпce \Yas Nicola Pisano. Не lived thгough almost the ,Yhole of tЬс tЬiгtеепtЬ ccntuгy, beiпg born аЬонt 1204, ancl dying in 1278. \VЬat ,vere thc еагlу iнfluences of Nicola Pisaпo, tЬat Ьelped to make hiш so шнсh тоге шоге modeш, шоrе tгuly classic, tJ1an any of his agc? Iп the fii·st. placc, he was Ьош at tЬе шoment when interest in ancient art was beginning to awaken; the еаг]у thirteenth centuгy. In the Campo Santo of Pisa may Ье seen t,vo of the most potent factors in his a-sthetic edнcation, tЬе Greek sarcophagus оп which was carved the Hunting of Meleager, and the Greek uгn with Bacchic figures wгeathing it in classic symmetry. vVith his mind tuned to the beautifнl, tЬе Ьоу Nioola gazed at the ,voгk of genuine pagan Greek artists,