Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

224 Arts and Crafts in tЬе Middle Ages

these may Ье seen to even gгeater advantage is Ravenna. Thc pieгced marЫe scгeens and capitals, with their· гestful comblnations of intcrlacing bands and delicatc foliatc fш·ms, are nowl1erc sнrpassecl. TI1e use of the acanthus leaf conventionalized in а st1·ictly p1·imitiYc fashio11 chaгacteгizes most of tl1e Byzantine work iл Italy. vVith these are coшЬined deligl1tful stiff peacocks, and cшious bunches of gшpes, rosettes, and animal forms of quaint g1·otesqueness. Sucl1 woгk exemplifics specially ,vЬat has been said rcgaгding the use of flat tl : in slabs for sculptшal purposes iп the Soнth of Ешоре. Nearly all these caгvings аге executed in fiпe marЫes and alabasteгs. The cЬief ,vшks of this peгiod in the гоuпd а1·е lioлs and g1·yphons suppoгting colнnшs as at Апсопа ancl Perнgia, and many оtЬег Italiaп cities. In Rome tl1eгe ,vеге seYeral scнlptors of tl1e name of Реtег. Onr of them, Pete1· AшaЬilis, ,vorked аЬонt 1197; and anothe1·, Реtег le Orfevc1·, ,vent to England ancl ,vo1·ked ов tl1e tошЬ of Ed,vaгd thc Confessoг at \Vestшinste1·. In Bologna is an interesting crucifix ргоЬаЫу cai·yed in tЬе eighth or ninth centuгy. Cl1rist's figшe is нрав the cross and that of his шоtl1сг stands nеаг. ТЬс sculptoг ,vas Petrнs Albericus. On the cross is ан iп­ scгiption in the form of а dialogue: "Му son?" "What, Mother?" "А1·е you God? " " I аш." " \Vhy do уон hang on the cross?" "That Mankiпd шау not perish." The Masters of Stoпc and Wood were among the eai·ly Gнibls аш.i Corpoшtioпs of Florence. Chai·lemagnc _,/