Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

CHAPTER УП

SCULPTURE IN STONE

(France and ltaly)

ScuLPTURE is not propeгly speaking tl1e "plastic art," as is often undeгstood. The 1·eal шeaning of seulpture is woгk which is cut into fогш, wl1eгcas plastic a1·t is ,voгk that is moнlded ог cast into foпn. Тсгга cotta, wblch is afteгwarcls baked, is plastic; авd yct becomes hard; thus а Tanagl'a figшine is an схашрlе of plastic art, while а Florentine marЫe statuette is а 1лoduct of sculpture. The two аге often confoнnded. "\Уе shall allude to them undeг differeпt l1eads, taking fог онr consideгation no,v only such sculptuгe as is tl1e result of cutting iп tЬе stone. The work of Luca Della Robbla will not Ьс tгeated as sculptшe in tbls book. Luca Della Robbla is а ,vorker in plastic art, ,vhile Adam Kгaft, he,ving dircctly at the stone, is а scнlptor. \Ve have no occasioп to study the art of the sculptoг ,vlю produces actual statues; only so far as sculpture is а companion to aгchitecttнe, and а decorative a1·t, docs it come within the scope of the arts and crafts. Figure sculptшe, then, is only considered when st1·ictly of а monumental cl1aгacter. 213