Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

·ARTS AND CRAFTS IN

ТНЕ MIDDLE AGES

СНАРТЕR I

GOLD AND SILVER

ТнЕ worker in metals is usually called а smith, whetl1er he Ье coppeгsшith or goldsшitl1. The terш is Saxon in origin, and is deriveti from the expression "he that smiteth." :Мetal \vas usнally ,vrought Ьу force of ЬlO\vs, except ,vl1ere the process of castiпg modified this. Beaten work was solderecl from the earliest tiшes. Egyptiaпs evidently нndeгstood tЬс use of solder, for the Hebre\vs oЬtaineu their kno,vledge of such things from them, and iп Isaiah xli. 7, оссшs the passage: "So the carpenter encouгaged the goldsшith, and he t.hat sшootheth with the lшmmer hiш that sшote the anvil, saying, ' It is ready for the soldering.' " In the ВiЫе there are constant гeferences to sucl1 arts in шetal work as prevail in our ovvn times: "Of beaten work шаdе he tl1e candlesticks," Exodus. In the omaments of the tabernacle, the artificer Bezaleel и made two cheruЬims of gold beaten out of one piece made he theш." An account of gold being gathered in spite of vicis- 1