Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

354 A11s авd Crafts in the l\1iddle Ages

There is evideпce of gгeat religious zcal in the cxhorta­ tions of the leadeгs to tЬose ,vho worked нndег theш. Abbot John of Tгittenhaш thнs adшonisЬed tЬе ,vorkers in thc Scriptoгium in 1486: "I Ьаvс diminisЬecl your laboшs out of the mo11aste1·y lest Ьу ,voгking badly уон should only add to your sins, and Ьаvе enjoined on you the manual labou� of \V Г iting and Ьinding books. Тhеге is in my opinion 110 lаЬош шогс becoming а monk tЬan the writing of ecclesiastical books.... You will recall that tl1e libгary of this moпasteгy ...had Ьееп dissipatcd, solcl, ог made ,vay ,vitЬ Ьу disorderly monks Ьеfоге us, so tliat whcn I саше hеге I foнnd but fourteen volнmcs." It ,vas often witЬ а sense of гelicf tЬat а monk finished his work upon а Yoluшe, as the fiпal ,vord, ,vгittcn Ьу the s�ribe himself, and known as the Explicit, fгequeпtly shows. In an old maпнscript in thc Monastery of St. Aignan the ,vгiter Ьаs tЬus cxpresscd his emotions: " Look онt f 01· уош fiпgers! Do not put tЬеш оп my writiпg! You do not kпow ,vЬat it is to ,vritc! It сгашрs уош back, it obscures your eyes, it bгcaks уош sides апd stomach! " It is interesting to note tЬс varioнs forms ,vhich these fiпal woгds of tЬе scгibes took; soшe­ times the Explicit is а pathctic appeal for remcmbгaпcc in the р1·ауегs of tЬе 1·eade1·, and sometiшes it contaiпs а note of ,vaгniпg. In а шanuscript of St. Augнstiнc now at Oxfогd, tl1e1·e is ,vгittcn: "This book belongs to St.Mary's of Robert's Bridgc; wlюcver shall steal it or in ану ,vay alieпatc it fгош this house, ог mutilate