Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

336 A1·ts and C1·afts in the Middle Ages

a]one. Both oil and ,Уах \Уеге often employed, and in пеагlу all гecipes the use of glнe шаdе of boilecl-cl°'Yн vellum is enjoined. In some of the monasteries theгe а1·е гесогds that the scгibes had the нsе of tЬе kitcl1eп for dгying paгchment and шelting \Уах. The int1·odнctions to the early treatises slю,Y tl1e spirit in ,vhich the ,Уогk ,Yas tшdeгtaken. Pete1· de St. Аш1еmаг commences: "Ву thc assistance of God, of ,Yhom are all things tlшt аге good, I ,Yill explain to you how to make coloшs fo1· paiнters анd illнminatoгs of books, апd the Yehicles fo1· them, and othe1· things appeгtainiнg theгeto, as faitblнlly as I can iп the follo,v­ ing chapte1·s." Реtег was а No1·th Frenchman of tl1e thiгteentl1 century. Of the 1·ecipes given Ьу the еагlу treatises, I ,Yill qнote а fe" r , for iн reality they аге all the liteгatшe \Уе have upon the subject. E1·acliнs, ,Yho wrote in the t,Yelftl1 centнry, gives ассшаtе directions: "Take oclirc апd disteшpe1· it ,vitЬ water, and let it dry. Iп the шeaiнvhile make glнe ,Yith Yellнm, and ,Yhip sоше ,Yhite of egg. ТЬеп mix tl1e glнe and tЬе ,Yhite of egg, and g1·ind tЬе осЬге, "·hicl1 Ьу this time is \YCll dried, upon а шагЫе slab; ancl lay it оп the pai·cЬшent ,Yitl1 а paint b1·t1sЬ; ... then apply the gold, апd let. it гemain so, \Yithoнt pressing it \YitЪ the stone. \Vl1en it is dгу, bнrnisl1 it \Yell "·ith а tooth. Tbls," continues Eгacliнs naiYely, 11 is "·hat I haYe leaгned Ьу experiment, апd have fre­ q�ently p1·oved, and уон may safely believe ше that I shall lшve told you tl1e tгнtЪ." This assнrance of good