Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

Illнmiпatioп of Books

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,voнld Ье coшpetent fo1· me to offeг, and fitting for уош prLidence to accept. For to me inqнi1·ing and considering, notliing appeai·ed more ,voгtl1y of уош peacefu] honoш thaв tlie gifts of the Sacred Scriptшes . .. ,vЬich, knit togethe1· in the sanctity of one gloгioнs body, and diligently amended, I liave sent to уош royal authority, Ьу this уош faitblul son апd seгvant, so tliat with fнll hands we шау assist at the deliglitful seгvice of уош clignity." One of Alcuin's mottoes was: "\Yгiting books is Ьеttег than planting viпes: for he who plaпts n. vine serves his belly, ,vhile he ,,·ho ,v1·ites books serves Ьis soul." Many different arts wеге repгesented in the makiпg of а medireval book. Of those employed, first came tЬе scribc, whose duty it ,vas to fогш thc black сvсв glossy lctters with his pen; then came the painteг, ,vho must поt only Ье а correct dгaнgЬtsman, and an adept ,vitЬ pencil and bnish, Ьнt nшst also нndeгstaпd ho,v to p1·epare moпlauпts анd to lay tЬе gold lcaf, апd to bшnish it afteпvaгds ,vith an agate, ог, as ап olcl '"тite1· tli1·ects, " а dogge's tooth set iп а stick." Afteг Ьiш, the Ыш.lег gatЬeгecl tЬе lustгous pages and put tl1eш to­ getheг unde1· silver mouнtcd coYel'S, ,vith heavy clasps. Аt fiгst, the illншinations we1·e coпfined онlу to tЬс capital letteгs, and red ,vas the selected соlош to giYc tllis additional life to the evenly ,v1·itte11 page. ТЬе red pigment was kno,vn as " miniнm." The artist wlю applied this ,vas called а "шiniator," and fгom this, ,vas deriYed the tегш " miniature," which lateг refeггed to