Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

306 .Aтts апd C1·afts iп tЬе l\Iiddle Ages

to giYe '' foгty eigl1t planks t.o tl1e Lacly," whatever that may шеаn ! Ашопg tl1e iпstгншcnts шentione1J are: " Two scгe\v pгofilcs: one oнtliвer: four one-handed Iittle planes: rods fог шaking coгnices: two large squares and one gгafonetto: tЬree chisels, one glued and one all of i1·011: а раiг of Ьig рiпсегs: two little axes: and а Ьепсh to put the taгsia оп." Ругоgгарhу Ьаs its Ьirth in iпtai·sia, \vl1eгc singeing \Yas sometimes employed as а sЬadiпg in гcalistic designs. In the Study of tЬе Palace at П1·Ьinо, there is шeпtion of "агш chairs encircliпg а tа.Ыс all mosaicked ,vith taгsia, авd caгved Ьу l\1aestгo Giacoшo of Floгence," а ,vогkег of consideгaЫc гсрнtе. One of the fiгst to adopt the use of ivoгy, pcarl, and silYcr for iпlay ,vas Апdгеа l\Iassaгi of Siena. In tЬis sаше ,vay inlay of tortoise­ sl1ell and bгass " r as made, the two layers ,vегс sa\ved out togetheг, апd then couпteгchangcd so as to give the patteгn in cach шateгial нроn the other. CaЬinets are often tгeatcd in this way. Ivo1·y and sandal-wood or ebony, too, l1ave been sometiшes thus comЬined. In Spain caЬiпcts were often made of а s01·t of mosaic of ebony and silver; in 1574 а ProhiЬition was issued against using silver in this way, since it was becoming scarce. In ·De Luna's "Diologos Familiareз," а Spanish work of 1669, the following conversation is given: "Ho,v mнch has your worship paid for this caЬi l) et? It is ,voгtl1 mоге than forty dнcats. \Vhat ,vood is it шаdе of? Tl1e гсd is of шal10ga11y, from Habana, and