Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

Inlay and Mosaic

301

Ьits of vаlнаЫе stoпe, like jasper, we1·e exhiЬited in mai·Ыe settings, like " precious stones iп а ring." The1·e ,vere otheI" Freпcl1 paveшents, of thc cleveнth ccntшy, ,vhich ,vere siшilar in theiг construction, in which tе1та cotta ,vas employed fог the гeds. " Pietra Dша " ,vas а шosaic laid upon either а thick ,vood or а mагЫе foнndation. Lapis lazuli, malacl1ite, апd jaspeг \Yerc нsed laгgely, as ,vell as Ыoodstones, onyx, and Rosso Antico. In Flшentine Pietra Dша " r ork, the inlay of two hard and eqнally cut materials reached its climax. Arnolfo del CamЬio, who built the Cathedral of Sta. Maria Fioгe in Florence, being its a1·chitect froш 1294 till 1310, ,vas the first in that city to use coloured slabs апd panels of шаrЫе in а sor·t of flat mosaic оп а vast scale on the outsicle of buildings. His ехашрlе has bcen extensively follo,ve(l throнghout Italy. The art of Pietгa Dura шosaic began ншlег Cosimo I. who im... ported it, if one may нsс sнch ап expression, fгош Lombardy. It was нsed chiefly, like Gobelins Tapestry, to шаkе vегу costly presents, otЬeпvise нnрrосшаЫе, for grandees and cгo,Yned heads. For а long time the w01·k was а Royal monopoly. Tl1ere аге several inte1·est­ ing examples in tЬе Pitti Palace, in this case in the forш of taЫes. Floweгs, fruits, shells, and even figures and landscapes have been represented in this manner. Six masters of the art of Pietra Dura саше from Milan in 1580, to instгнct the Floгeпtines: and а portrait of Cosinю I. ,vas the fiгst iшpшtant result of their labours.