Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

Cai·ving i11 Wood and Ivor y

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An ingenuous ivoгy caгviпg of the ninth century in Carlovingian style is а book cevc1· on which is depicted the finding of St.GaH, Ьу tame bears in the wildcrвess. ТЬеsс beal's, walking decoroнsly on thciг l1i11d legs, are figнred as carrying Ьгсаd to tЬе huпgгy saint: one holds а long Fгевсl1 loaf of а faшiliaг раttегв, авd the other а bгeakfast гoll ! Bernwaгd of Hildesheim Ьаd а Ьгавсh fог ivOI'y caгving iв his celebгatcd academy, to which allusion lias been made. lvOI'y dгinking hoшs wel'e ашопg the most beaнtifнl and ornate examp]es of secнlal' ivOI'ies. They ,ve1·e called O]iphants, Ьесанsс tЬе tusks of elepliaвts ,vel'e cl1iefly нsed in theil' mаннfасtше. In 1515 the Еагl of Ormondc leaves in his ,vill " а little wblte lюrn of ivoгy garпished at botl1 ends ,vitl1 gold," авd in St.Paul's iп the tЬirteentl1 сепtшу, thcгe is meвtion of " а great lюl'Il of ivoгy engl'aved ,vitl1 Ьcasts and Ьircls." Tl1e Horn of Ulphas at Уогk is an example of tЬе gl'eat dгink­ ing lюгns fгom ,vllicl1 the Saxons ашl Daпes, iп eai·ly days, dгапk in token of tгавsfег of lan(ls; as ,ve аге to]d Ьу an old chгonicler, " " Т )1е11 Ье gave the lюгn tliat ,vas to convey Ьis estate, Ьс filled it ,vith \Yine, апd ,veвt 011 Ьis knees befol'c tЬе altai· ...so that l1e dгапk it off iп testimony that tЬегеЬу Ьс gave them his lan(ls." TЬis ]ют ,vas given Ьу Ulp]ias to tl1c Cathedгal \Yit]1 ccгtain lands, а little bef01·с tl1c Conqнest, апd placed Ьу him оп the altaг. Iпteresting ivoгies аге ofteп t]1e pastoral staves