Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

Cai·ving iп ,v- oocl апd Ivory

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mistaken ,vЬо count certain taЫets as diptychs whicl1 have no aseription to any consul, Ьнt гepresent the Muses, Bacchantes, or Gods. These sccm to шс to have becn book e0Yc1·s." РгоЬаЫу the selected form of ан нprigl1t taЫet fo1· the majority of ivoгy caгvings is based on есопошiс pгinciples: the bcst use of tЬе most surface fгош апу squa1·e Ыосk of material is to cut it iп thiп sliccs. Iп their aгcl1itcctшe the soнthcm medimval buildeгs so tгeated stone, bнildiпg а sнb­ structшe of brick апd laying а slab ог veneeг of the inoгc costly 1шttt -' гial оп its sшface: ,vitЬ ivoгy tbls sашс principlc "·as follo,Yed, and the shape of t]1e tнsk, being loпg апd пагrоw, пatшally deteгшiвed tЬе fолn of the resultiнg taЫets. Thc Throne of Ivап III. iп l\Iosco",. ancl tl1at of St. Реtег iп Rоше аге also Ш[tgпificent moпuments of tЬis агt. Ivory caskets \vеге tl1e chief шanifestatio11 of taste in that mediuш, duгiпg the period of tгansitioп froш the eighth century нпtil the revival of Byzantjnc skill in the teпth centшy. Tl1is fогш of scнlptшe ,vas at its best at а time wl1en stoпc sculpturc ,Yas оп tl1e decline. Тhеге is а fascinating book cove1· in Ravenna whicl1 is а good ехашрlе of sixth сепtuгу \voгk of various kiпds. In thc ceпtre, CЬгist is seen, entЬгoncd нndсг а kiпd of palmetto canopy; above hirn, on а long panel, аге t,vo flying angels displayiпg а cross set in а ,vreath; at either end stand little squat figuгes, with balls and crosses in their Ьands. Scenes fгom the mi1·acles of Our Lord осснру the two side panels, ,vhich аге sub-