Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

Ca1·ving iп Wood апd Ivo1·y

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varioнs occasions. In the Epistles of Symшaclшs, the ,vriter says: " То my Lord and Pгince I sent а diptych edged ,vith gold. I pгcsentcd otheг fricnds a1s6 with these ivory note books." ,vhile elephant's tнsks pгovided ivory fог the soнthem races, the more northcrn pcoples нsed thc ,valrus авd naпvhale tusks. Iп Gегшаnу this \Yas oftcn the case. The fabulous unicorn's hoгn, wl1icl1 is so oftcn alludcd to in early literatнre, was undoнЬtedly froш the narwЬale, although its possesso1· al,Yays sнpposed that lie had secнred tЬс тоге rешагkаЫс horн ,vhicЬ ,vas said to clccшate the unicoгn. Triptychs follo,Yed diptycl1s iп natнral sequence. Tl1esc, in the Middle Agcs, " r e1·e нsually of а devotional сlшгасtег, altlюugh soшetiшes scculaг sнbjects occur. Lettcrs ,vеге soшetiшes \\тitteп он iУогу taЫets, ,vhicJi ,vcre sнpposed to Ье agaiв нsed iв foг,varding а герlу. St. Augustine apologizes for ,vritiвg on paгchmeвt, cxplaining, 11 Му ivoгy taЫcts I sent v. r ith letteгs to your нncle; if you have any of шу taЫcts, please send theш iв case of similaг emeгgcвcies." TaЫets fitted with ,vax linings ,vere used also in sclюols, as children 110w нsе slates. Ivогу diptychs we1·e fashionaЬle gifts and kcepsakes iп the later Roman iшperial days. They took tl1e place ,vhich had been occupicd in cai·lieг days Ьу illuminated books, such as were pгoduced Ьу Lala of Cyzicus, of whom mention will Ье made in connection with book illuminators.