Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

276 A1·ts апd Crafts iп tl1e ::М:iddle Ages

than the diameter of апу kno,ш possiЫe tusk. ТЬеrе аге гecipes in the еагlу treatises ,vl1ich tel1 ho,v to softeп tl1e ivoгy tlшt it шау Ье шоге easily sculptшed: iп the l\1appae Clavicula, iп the t,velftЬ centшy, directions а1·е giveп fог ргерагiпg а bath in "'hicЬ to steep ivoгy, iп огdег to шаkе it soft. In tl1e Sloaпe MS. occuгs anotheг гесiре fог tl1c sаше ршроsе. АЬаЬ's " ivoгy house ,vhicl1 he made " must lшve been either cove1·ed ,vitЬ а Уегу tЬiп veneer, ог else the ivoгy ,vas used as inlay, ,vЬiсЬ \Yas ofteп the case, iп conпection ,vith ebony. Ezekiel allucles to this com­ Ьiпation. Ivогу and gold ,ve1·e used Ьу tl1e G1·eeks in their fашонs CЬгyselepЬantine statнcs, iп ,vhicЬ cases thin plates of ivoгy for·med tl1e face, hands, and exposed parts, tl1e гest being overlaid ,vith gold. This art oгigi­ nated with the brothr.1·s Diprenнs апd Scillis, about 570 в. с., in Crete. " In sculpturing ivoгy," says TЬeopЬilus, " first form а taЫet of tЬе magnitнdc you шау ,visl1, and supeг­ posiпg chalk, poгtray ,vith а lead tl1e figures according to your pleasшe, and witЬ а poiпted instn1ment mark tЬе lines that they шау арреа1·: tЬеп сагvе the grounds as deeply as уон "'isЬ ,vith diffeгent instrнments, апd scнlp the figшes 01· otl1e1· things you please, according to your iпvention and skill." Не tells hO\v to make а knifc handle witl1 open ,voгk carviпgs, thгough wllicl1 а gold gгound is visiЫe: апd cxtгcmely h:шdsoшe would sucЬ а kпife Ье wheп coшpletecl, accordiпg to Theophilus' directions. Не also tells l10w to гedden