Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

26-! Aгts авd Cгafts iп tЬе iiiddle Ages

instгuments ... Ье excelled eve1·ybody. In building and in Ьis other aгts he ,Yas emineпt." Tutilo "·as а monk of the ninth centuгy. А celebгated ,Yood саптiпg of the thiгteentl1 centuгy, оп а laгge scale, is the dоог of the Chuгcl1 of St. SaЬina in Rome. It is divided iпto шаnу small panels, fiпely carved. Thesc little rcliefs агс cro,Yded with figшes" vегу spiгited iп actioп. Painted апd carved sЬields and Ьatchшeпts ""ere popular. The Italiaп aгtists шасlе thesc ,Yith great refinement. Soшetiшes stucco "·as eшployed iпstead of genuine caгving, and occasioпally thc ,Уогk ,Yas eшbossed on leather. ТЬеу "'ere painted iн ЬсгаЬliс colours, апd gold, and пothing could Ье тоге decOI'ativc. Even Giotto pгoduced сегtаiп ,Yoгks of tliis dcscriptioп, as "'ell as а caгved cгнcifix. Altaг pieces ,Yere fiгst caгved and paiпted, the back­ gгoнnds being gilded. Ву deg1·ecs stucco fог the figuгes came in to replace the "·ood: aftег that, they ,Yere gгadнally modelled in lo"·er гelief, нntil finally they became painted pictures "'ith slightly raised poгtions, and the average Florcntinc altar piccc гesulted. ,Yith the advancc in painting, and the aЬility to portгay the roнnd, the necessity for caгved details dimiпished. Orders fгom а great distance ,Уеге soшetimes sent to the Floгent,ine Masters of "\Vood, - the choi1· stalls in Cambridge, in Кing's College Chapel, ,Yere execнtcd Ьу theш, in spite of the fact that Torregiano allнded to them as ' beasts of Eпglish."