Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

244 A1 1 :s and C1·afts in tl1e l\1iddle Ages

scopc to thc ,vit, especially iп tЬе North; in Italy this outlct for lшmour was added to that of tl1e sculptoг. Of the special examples of gr·eat figшc sculptнre in England tlie fa<;ade at ,Уells is нsнally considered the most significant. Thc angcl choii· at Liпcoln, too, has gгeat iпterest; the1·e is 1·eal роwег in somc of thc figшes, especially thc aпgel \Yith tl1c flaming sword driYing Adam апd ЕУе fгош Eden, and the onc holding aloft а small figure, - рrоЬаЫу typical of tlю Сгеаtiоп. At Salisbшy, too, there is mucl1 splendid figure scнlptнre; it is cause for regгet that the names of so few of the craftsmen haYe sш\l'ived. "\Yells Catl1ed1·al is one of tl1c most interesting spots in ,yhicl1 to study Eпglisl1 Gotl1ic sculptшe. Its beaнti­ ful \Yest Fгont is c0Ye1·ed ,vitl1 tie1· aftc1· tie1· of heгoes апd saiпts; it was fiпished in 1242. Tl1is is tl1e уеаг tlшt Ciшabue was tlн·ec years old; Niccola Pisano l1ad liYed duгing its buildiпg, Amiens ,Yas fiпisl1ed forty-six yeai·s later, and Oг\l'ieto ,vas begtш thiгty-six years later. It is liteгally the earliest specimeп of so advaпced and coшplete а nшseum of scнlptнre iп thc ,уest. Many critics haYe assнmed tl1at tl1e statнes оп tl1c ,v est Front of ,v ells ,vere execнted 1 )у fOl'cigп WOI'kшeп; Ьнt there ai·e no special characteгistics of апу kпown foreign sclюol in thcse figuгcs. l\Iessгs. Prioг and Gardner have recently expressed tЪеiг opiпion tlшt these statues, likc шost of tЬс thirteenth century ,vork in England, are of natiYe oгigin. Tl1e theoгy is that two kinds· of influence wеге broнgbl to bear to create English "im-