Искусства и ремесла Средневековья

Other Metals

149

same age as the Cathedгal dош on which it is fastened. They both date from about the eleventh centшy. Еvег since 740, in tl1e Episcopate of Cynewulf, criminals ,vere allowed to claim Sanctuary in Durham. Whcn this knocke1· was sounded, the door was opened, Ьу two pшters who had their accommodations al,vays in two little chaшbers over the door, and for а certain length of tiшe the criminal ,vas under the pгotection of the Churcl1. In speaking of the properties of lead, the old English Bartholomew says: "Of uncleanness of impure brim­ stone, lead hatl1 а maпner of neshness, and smi1·cheth his haвd who touchetl1 it ... а mав may wipe off the uncleanness, but always it is lead, although it seemeth silver." \Veather vanes, made often of lead, were some­ times quite elaborate. One of the most impoгtant pieces of lead work in art is the figure of an angel on the chewet of Ste. Chapelle in Paris. Originally this figure was intended to Ье so controlled Ьу clockwork tl1at it would turn around once in tl1e course of the t,vcnty-four hours, so tl1at his attitude of benediction should Ье directed to all four quarters of the city; but this was not practicaЫe, and the angel is stationary. The cock on the weather vane at Winchester ,vas descгibed as early as the tenth century, in the Life of St. Swithin, Ьу the scribe Walstan. Не calls it "а cock of elegant form, and all resplendent and shining with gold \vho occupies the summit of the to,ver. Не regards the world from on high, he commands all the country. Before him